Resources at PifyC
DFM guides, tolerance data and process comparisons
Process comparisons
46 pages in this group.
3 axis vs 5 axis machining
3-axis vs 5-axis CNC machining comparison: capabilities, cost, lead time, complex geometry, tolerance stack-up. When t…
Open →304l vs 316l vs duplex
304L vs 316L vs duplex 2205 stainless steel comparison. Compare corrosion resistance, strength, cost, PREN. Seawater, …
Open →3D printing vs CNC machining
3D printing vs CNC machining decision. 3D for complex geometry impossible to machine. CNC for precision, surface, tigh…
Open →ABS vs asa
ABS vs ASA comparison. Similar properties, different UV resistance. Compare outdoor service, mechanical, cost. When to…
Open →ABS vs polycarbonate
ABS vs polycarbonate comparison: impact resistance, transparency, temperature rating, cost, machinability. When to cho…
Open →Aluminum 6061 vs 7075
Aluminum 6061-T6 vs 7075-T6 comparison: strength, machinability, corrosion resistance, weldability, cost. When to spec…
Open →Brass vs bronze
Brass vs bronze — both copper alloys with different properties. Compare mechanical, corrosion, machinability, appearan…
Open →Brazing vs welding
Brazing vs welding — both join metals but very differently. Compare process temperatures, joint strength, distortion, …
Open →Carbon steel vs stainless
Carbon steel vs stainless steel — material selection guide. Compare strength, corrosion resistance, machinability, cos…
Open →CNC milling vs turning
CNC milling vs CNC turning comparison: part geometry, tolerances, cost, typical applications. When prismatic parts sui…
Open →CNC vs 3D printing
CNC machining vs 3D printing comparison: materials, tolerances, surface finish, cost, lead time, strength. Decision gu…
Open →Copper vs aluminum heat sink
Copper vs aluminum heat sinks. Compare thermal conductivity, weight, cost, machinability. When to specify copper over …
Open →Delrin vs Nylon
Delrin (POM) vs Nylon comparison. Both engineering plastics for gears, bushings, mechanical parts. Compare stiffness, …
Open →Die casting vs investment casting
Die casting vs investment casting. Compare production volume, materials, tolerance, surface finish, cost, complexity. …
Open →Duplex vs super duplex stainless
Duplex 2205 vs Super Duplex 2507. Compare PREN, strength, corrosion resistance, cost. Selection for oil & gas, mar…
Open →EDM vs CNC machining
EDM vs CNC machining comparison. Sinker EDM, wire EDM vs milling and turning. When to use EDM for sharp corners, harde…
Open →Electroless nickel vs hard chrome
Electroless nickel plating vs hard chrome plating. Compare uniformity, hardness, corrosion resistance, application, co…
Open →FDM vs SLA 3D printing
FDM vs SLA 3D printing. Compare surface finish, accuracy, material options, cost, speed, build size. When FDM's engine…
Open →Forging vs casting vs CNC
Forging vs casting vs CNC machining — three paths to metal parts. Compare mechanical properties, complexity, volume, c…
Open →Inconel vs Hastelloy
Inconel vs Hastelloy — both nickel-based superalloys. Compare Inconel 718/625 vs Hastelloy C-276/X. Temperature, corro…
Open →Injection molding vs 3D printing
Injection molding vs 3D printing: cost per part, tooling investment, quantity breakpoints, material options, quality. …
Open →Laser cutting vs waterjet
Laser cutting vs waterjet cutting: speed, heat-affected zone, material thickness, precision, cost. When to choose lase…
Open →LSR vs HTV silicone molding
LSR (liquid silicone rubber) vs HTV (high-temp vulcanized) silicone molding. Compare injection vs compression molding,…
Open →Metal injection molding vs CNC
Metal Injection Molding (MIM) vs CNC machining decision. MIM for high-volume small parts. CNC for prototype, low-mediu…
Open →MIG vs TIG welding
MIG vs TIG welding comparison: speed, cost, quality, material compatibility, typical applications. When to specify MIG…
Open →Overmolding vs insert molding
Overmolding vs insert molding comparison. Both combine multiple components in molding. Different processes, different …
Open →PBT vs PET
PBT and PET are both polyesters, but optimized differently. PBT for engineering parts. PET for bottles, packaging, fib…
Open →PEEK vs Delrin
PEEK vs Delrin comparison: mechanical strength, temperature rating, chemical resistance, cost, machinability. When to …
Open →PEEK vs PPS
PEEK vs PPS — two high-performance engineering thermoplastics. Compare temperature, chemical, mechanical, cost, medica…
Open →PEEK vs Ultem
PEEK vs Ultem (polyetherimide) comparison: mechanical strength, temperature rating, transparency, chemical resistance,…
Open →Plastic machining vs molding
Plastic machining vs injection molding decision. Machining no tooling, volume-flexible. Molding requires tooling, mass…
Open →Plastic vs metal gears
Plastic vs metal gear comparison. Plastic for low-load quiet, metal for high-load high-temperature. Each suits differe…
Open →Plastic vs metal guide
Plastic vs metal material decision. Each has strengths. Plastic light/cheap/insulating. Metal strong/conductive/durabl…
Open →Rolled vs cut threads
Rolled vs cut threads comparison. Compare strength, fatigue life, surface finish, production speed, applications. Why …
Open →Sand casting vs investment casting
Sand casting vs investment casting comparison. Compare surface finish, tolerance, complexity, size, cost, and typical …
Open →SLA vs DLP 3D printing
SLA vs DLP 3D printing: both photopolymer resin processes. Compare speed, accuracy, cost, surface finish, build size, …
Open →SLA vs SLS vs MJF
SLA vs SLS vs MJF 3D printing comparison: materials, mechanical properties, surface finish, cost, lead time. Decision …
Open →Stainless 304 vs 316
Stainless steel 304 vs 316 comparison: corrosion resistance, molybdenum content, cost, applications. When to specify 3…
Open →Steel vs stainless steel
Carbon steel vs stainless steel comparison: cost, corrosion resistance, strength, weldability, machinability. Decision…
Open →Swiss turning vs CNC lathe
Swiss turning vs conventional CNC lathe. Compare small-diameter precision, L/D ratio handling, cost, typical applicati…
Open →Thermoset vs thermoplastic
Thermoset polymers cross-link permanently when cured. Thermoplastics melt and reflow. Different behavior drives differ…
Open →TIG vs laser welding
TIG welding vs laser welding. Compare weld quality, speed, heat input, distortion, cost, typical applications. When la…
Open →Titanium gr2 vs gr5
Titanium Gr.2 vs Gr.5 (Ti-6Al-4V) comparison: strength, corrosion resistance, machinability, cost, weldability. When t…
Open →Titanium vs stainless
Titanium vs stainless steel comparison. Ti Gr.5 vs 316L and 17-4 PH. Compare strength-to-weight, corrosion, biocompati…
Open →Urethane casting vs rapid injection
Urethane casting vs rapid injection molding. Compare quantity economics, material properties, lead time, tooling cost.…
Open →Zinc vs aluminum die casting
Zinc vs aluminum die casting — both common pressure die casting materials. Compare mechanical properties, tolerance, c…
Open →Surfaces & finishing
20 pages in this group.
3D print smoothing
3D print smoothing methods. Vapor smoothing for ABS/ASA, hand sanding, tumbling, painted finishes. Each suits differen…
Open →Aluminum surface finishes
Aluminum surface finishes reference. Anodize Type II/III, painted, polished, brushed. Each finish has specific applica…
Open →Anodize vs powder coat
Anodize vs powder coat comparison: durability, color options, thickness, cost, use cases. When to choose anodized alum…
Open →Coating selection guide
Engineering coating selection: anodizing (Type II/III), electroplating (chrome, nickel, zinc), PVD coatings (TiN, AlTi…
Open →Deburring guide
Deburring methods reference. Manual, vibratory, electrochemical, abrasive blasting. Different processes for different …
Open →Finishing for 3D prints
3D printed parts have characteristic surface finish — layer lines, support marks. Post-processing removes layers, smoo…
Open →Finishing for cosmetic appearance
Cosmetic finishing for customer-facing products. Premium surface quality, color consistency, branded aesthetic.…
Open →Finishing for different materials
Different materials accept different finishes. Aluminum anodizes; steel doesn't. Brass polishes well; titanium colors …
Open →Finishing for injection molded parts
Finishing for injection molded plastic parts. Texture, polish, paint, label. Most finish defined by mold cavity.…
Open →Finishing for sheet metal
Finishing for sheet metal parts. Powder coat industrial standard. Anodize for aluminum. Plating for steel corrosion.…
Open →Finishing for wear resistance
Finishing for wear-resistant applications. Hard chrome, nitriding, DLC, nickel boron, ceramic coatings. Each suits dif…
Open →Metal finishes guide
Comprehensive metal finishing reference. Anodize Type II/III for aluminum. Plating for steel. Powder coat for outdoor.…
Open →Painting and coating guide
Painting and coating reference. Wet paint, powder coat, primer system, pretreatment. Each material/process has specifi…
Open →Plastic coatings guide
Plastic coating methods — painting, plating, vacuum metallizing, EMC coatings. Each for specific aesthetic or function…
Open →Plating vs anodize
Electroplating vs anodizing comparison. Chrome/nickel/zinc plating vs Type II/III anodize. Different substrates, diffe…
Open →PVD vs DLC coating
PVD (TiN, AlTiN, CrN) vs DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) coatings. Compare hardness, friction, temperature stability, color,…
Open →Shot peening vs burnishing
Shot peening vs burnishing — both introduce compressive surface residual stress. Compare processes, fatigue life impro…
Open →Surface finish for optics
Surface finish for optics reference. Sub-micrometer Ra requirements. Mirror polish, lapping, scanning electron polishi…
Open →Surface finish guide
Complete surface finish reference: Ra values explained, common finishes (as-machined, bead blast, anodize, polish), SP…
Open →Type ii vs type iii anodize
Type II vs Type III anodize. Decorative Type II vs functional hardcoat Type III. Compare thickness, hardness, colors, …
Open →Process guides
16 pages in this group.
3D printing post processing
3D printing post-processing services: vapor smoothing, bead blasting, painting, dyeing, machining. Convert 3D printed …
Open →ABS plastic injection molding
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) injection molding for consumer products, electronics housings, automotive interi…
Open →CAD for manufacturing guide
CAD preparation for manufacturing. STEP/IGES exports, watertight geometry, manufacturing-friendly features. Production…
Open →Deep hole drilling guide
Deep hole drilling guide. Holes deeper than 4× diameter need specialty equipment. Gun drilling, BTA drilling, ejector …
Open →Gaskets and seals design guide
Gasket and seal design guide. O-rings, flat gaskets, lip seals, mechanical seals. Material selection, groove dimension…
Open →Heat treatment guide
Heat treatment reference: annealing, normalizing, quench hardening, tempering, precipitation (age) hardening, case har…
Open →Heat treatment selection guide
Heat treatment process selection: annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering, case hardening, carburizing, nitriding…
Open →Injection molding defects
Injection molding defects reference. Sink marks, warpage, flash, voids, weld lines, short shots. Prevention through DF…
Open →Metal design guide
Metal design fundamentals — material selection, stress analysis, fatigue, fastener engineering, weld design. Engineeri…
Open →Molding for rounded corners
Rounded corners in injection molding. All corners — internal and external — should be rounded. Stress concentration, m…
Open →Plastic additives guide
Plastic additive reference. UV stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, glass fiber, mineral fillers. Modify base …
Open →Plastic machinability guide
Plastic machinability reference. Acetal best, PEEK premium, nylon difficult. Each plastic has different cutting behavi…
Open →Plastic part cost guide
Plastic part cost breakdown. Material, tooling, processing, finishing. Volume drives cost most. Understanding factors …
Open →Prototyping strategy guide
Engineering prototyping strategy: when to 3D print, when to machine, when to urethane cast, when to build tooling. Cos…
Open →Sheet metal design guide
Sheet metal design for manufacturability. Bend radii, hole spacing, edge conditions, weld preparations. Critical for p…
Open →Surface roughness guide
Surface roughness reference guide: Ra, Rz, Rq parameters, ISO 1302 symbols, process-capable surface finishes, when spe…
Open →Design for manufacturing
68 pages in this group.
Clip design guide
Snap clip design for plastic assemblies. Cantilever clips, retention features, engagement angles. Critical for repeate…
Open →CNC design
CNC design fundamentals. Internal radii, pocket depth, hole sizes, tolerance, surface finish. Get DFM right and reduce…
Open →Countersink for metal
Countersink reference for metal. Standard angles 82°, 90°, 100°, 120°. Flush mounting flathead screws. Specifications …
Open →Design for lightweighting
Design for lightweighting reference. Topology optimization, material substitution, lattice structures. Aerospace, raci…
Open →Designing for 5 axis CNC
DFM for 5-axis CNC machining. Compound angles, complex geometry, single-setup advantages. When 5-axis pays off vs mult…
Open →Designing for additive manufacturing
Designing for additive manufacturing differs from machining. Build orientation, support structures, lattice infill, pa…
Open →Designing for assembly automation
Automated assembly demands specific design considerations: chamfered insertions, snap features, asymmetric orientation…
Open →Designing for assembly features
Assembly features — snap fits, press fits, threaded inserts, locating pins, dowel pins. Right feature for the job redu…
Open →Designing for automation
Designing parts for automated manufacturing and assembly. Orientation features, machine vision compatibility, robotic …
Open →Designing for clear plastic parts
Clear plastic parts demand specific design and processing. Avoid sink marks, weld lines, surface imperfections that de…
Open →Designing for CNC engraving
DFM for CNC engraving. Font selection, depth specification, tool selection for logo and text engraving on metal and pl…
Open →Designing for CNC milling
A technical DFM guide to designing parts for CNC milling. Pockets, holes, thin walls, and internal radii best practice…
Open →Designing for CNC sheet metal
Design guide for parts combining CNC machining and sheet metal. When to choose each, hybrid manufacturing, cost optimi…
Open →Designing for CNC turning
DFM guide for CNC turning. Diameter ratios, threading, undercuts, finishing for lathe-turned parts. Cost-effective tur…
Open →Designing for CNC turning and milling
Turn-mill machines combine CNC turning with live-tool milling. Cross-holes, flats, slots, hex features added without s…
Open →Designing for CNC vs 3D printing
CNC subtracts material from solid stock. 3D printing adds material layer by layer. Each suits different geometry and v…
Open →Designing for CNC vs molding
CNC needs no tooling — quick start, higher per-part cost. Molding needs tool investment but cheap per part. Volume det…
Open →Designing for cnccutting
Different cutting processes for different needs. Plasma fastest for thick steel, laser cleanest for thin, waterjet any…
Open →Designing for cost and manufacturability
Smart design considers manufacturing cost from the start. Internal corner radii, tolerance allocation, material choice…
Open →Designing for cost reduction
Value Analysis / Value Engineering (VAVE) reduces cost without sacrificing function. Material substitution, geometry s…
Open →Designing for FDA and USP class vi
FDA and USP Class VI designations mean specific material certifications and processing requirements for medical and ph…
Open →Designing for FDA compliance
FDA compliance for medical and food products requires specific materials, documentation, and process controls. Design …
Open →Designing for heat sinks
Heat sink design balances surface area (fins) with thermal conduction (base) and air flow. CFD analysis can optimize, …
Open →Designing for laser cutting
Laser cutting design guide. Material thickness, kerf, tab/slot design, edge quality, holes, lead-in/lead-out for clean…
Open →Designing for low temperature
Materials behave differently at very low temperatures. Many become brittle, impact resistance drops, dimensional chang…
Open →Designing for medical cleanliness
Medical equipment must clean reliably between uses. Crevices, dead spaces, sharp internal corners harbor bacteria. Des…
Open →Designing for metal finishes
Different metal finishes have different requirements. Hanging points, dimensional growth, masking, surface preparation…
Open →Designing for metal injection molding
Metal Injection Molding combines plastic injection technology with metal powder. Suitable for complex shapes at high v…
Open →Designing for metal plating
Metal plating adds 5-50 µm of corrosion-resistant or wear-resistant metal to substrate. Design for plating coverage, c…
Open →Designing for minimal post processing
Designing to minimize post-processing reduces total cost. As-machined finishes, in-line deburring, smart fixturing eli…
Open →Designing for minimum wall thickness
Wall thickness limits depend on material, manufacturing process, structural needs. Going too thin causes vibration, de…
Open →Designing for overmolding
Overmolding combines two plastics (rigid + soft, or contrasting colors) in single part. Common for soft-grip handles, …
Open →Designing for plastic bonding
Plastic bonding methods: adhesives, ultrasonic welding, vibration welding, hot plate, solvent. Each has trade-offs. Ch…
Open →Designing for plastic snaps
Snap fits use elastic plastic flexibility for engagement. Cantilever design parameters control engagement force, reten…
Open →Designing for powder bed fusion
Powder bed fusion (SLS, MJF, DMLS) builds parts layer by layer in powder bed. Specific design rules for orientation, s…
Open →Designing for powder coating
Powder coating bakes color at 200°C, producing 50-150 µm thick coating. Designs must accommodate hanging points, drain…
Open →Designing for repeatability
Designing for repeatable production requires statistical process control mindset. Tolerance budgets, capability indice…
Open →Designing for riveting
Rivets join sheet metal permanently. Specifically: solid rivets, blind (pop) rivets, structural rivets. Each suits dif…
Open →Designing for sheet metal hems
Hem = folded sheet metal edge. Adds stiffness, eliminates sharp edge, looks finished. Open hem for stiffening, closed …
Open →Designing for strength and stiffness
Designing parts for strength and stiffness requires balancing material properties with geometric efficiency. Cross-sec…
Open →Designing for threaded inserts
Threaded inserts give plastic parts metal threads — stronger, more cycles, repeatable disassembly. Several types for d…
Open →Designing for tight tolerances
Tight tolerances cost money. Specify ±0.025mm only where function requires it. Default ±0.1mm for non-critical feature…
Open →Designing for vibration damping
Vibration damping requires understanding material loss factor, mass-spring-damper systems, isolation. Combined materia…
Open →Designing for welding
Welding design impacts strength, distortion, cost. Joint type, edge preparation, accessibility, post-weld machining al…
Open →DFM checklist
DFM checklist for manufacturability. Material selection, tolerance allocation, feature placement, surface finish. Stan…
Open →DFM for 3D printing
Design for Manufacturability rules for 3D printing: minimum feature size, wall thickness, orientation, support structu…
Open →DFM for assemblies
DFM for assemblies. Reduce parts count, simplify assembly, design for repeatable assembly. Tolerance allocation across…
Open →DFM for CNC machining
Design for Manufacturability rules for CNC machining: wall thickness, internal corners, deep pockets, thread depth, to…
Open →DFM for injection molding
Design for Manufacturability rules for injection molding: uniform wall thickness, draft angles, undercuts, gate locati…
Open →DFM for sheet metal
Design for Manufacturability rules for sheet metal: bend radius minimums, hole to edge distance, K-factor, tab & s…
Open →DFM overview
Complete DFM guide for CNC machining, sheet metal fabrication, injection molding and 3D printing. Design rules, tolera…
Open →Dielines and flat patterns
Dielines and flat patterns for sheet metal. Calculate flat layout before bending. Bend allowance, deduction, K-factor …
Open →Draft angle guide
Draft angle reference for injection molding, casting, forging. 1-2° standard. Insufficient draft causes ejection issue…
Open →Ejector pin design
Ejector pin design for injection molded parts. Pin placement, size, mark visibility considerations. Plan ejector marks…
Open →Gates and runners
Gate and runner design reference. Where plastic enters cavity. Gate type affects appearance, properties, processing.…
Open →Gusset design guide
Gusset design for stiffening structures. Triangular braces add stiffness without significant weight. Rules for gusset …
Open →Living hinge
Living hinge reference. Thin polypropylene section flexes repeatedly. Millions of cycles without failure. Specific des…
Open →Molding design
Injection molding design fundamentals. Wall thickness, draft, fillets, ribs, gating, ejection. Designed-for-molding pa…
Open →Part consolidation guide
Part consolidation reference. Combine multiple parts into single piece. Reduces fasteners, assembly labor, supply chai…
Open →Parting line and draft
Parting line and draft combined design. Both critical for mold release. Plan together for cost-effective production.…
Open →Parting line design
Parting line design for injection molding and casting. Where mold halves meet. Visible flash, feature consideration.…
Open →Parting line in depth
Parting line in-depth. Where mold halves split. Position decisions affect ejection, draft, flash, cosmetics.…
Open →Press fit guide
Complete reference for press fits, shrink fits, and interference fits per ISO 286. H7/p6 light press, H7/s6 medium pre…
Open →Press fit vs adhesive bonding
Press fit (interference) vs adhesive bonding for permanent assembly. Compare strength, disassembly, temperature, mater…
Open →Ribs and bosses
Plastic ribs and bosses design. Stiffening features without sink marks. 60% wall thickness rule, generous fillets, dra…
Open →Ribs in plastic parts
Plastic part rib design. Ribs add stiffness without thick walls (which cause sink marks). Specific rules for rib thick…
Open →Undercut design
Undercut design for injection molded parts. Undercuts trap molded parts in mold. Side actions, lifters, manual operati…
Open →Wall thickness guide
Wall thickness guide per process. CNC, injection molding, casting, 3D printing each have practical limits. Specify per…
Open →Material & property data
21 pages in this group.
Corrosion resistance
Corrosion resistance reference. Material rankings, mechanisms (galvanic, pitting, crevice), protection methods (coatin…
Open →Electrical conductivity
Electrical conductivity reference. Metal conductors (copper, aluminum, silver), plastic insulators, semiconductors. Re…
Open →Electrical conductivity of plastics
Electrical conductivity in plastics — insulating, dissipative, conductive. ESD-safe materials for electronics. Surface…
Open →Electrical insulation
Electrical insulation materials. Plastics, ceramics, composites. Dielectric strength, breakdown voltage, applications.…
Open →Electrical properties
Electrical properties reference. Conductivity, dielectric strength, breakdown voltage, magnetic permeability. Material…
Open →Fatigue design guide
Engineering fatigue design reference: endurance limits, S-N curves, stress concentration factors, surface finish effec…
Open →FDA and USP class vi
FDA and USP Class VI material reference. Different applications, different requirements. Documentation, testing, certi…
Open →Food grade materials guide
Food-grade materials reference. FDA-approved metals, plastics, elastomers. 21 CFR compliance. Food contact, processing…
Open →Galling and wear prevention
Galling and wear prevention reference. Adhesive wear at sliding interface. Material selection, surface treatment, lubr…
Open →Galling vs seizing guide
Galling vs seizing distinction. Both friction-related failures of mating parts. Different mechanisms, different preven…
Open →Glass transition temperature
Glass transition temperature (Tg) reference. Plastic stiffness changes at Tg. Below: rigid. Above: flexible. Critical …
Open →Heat resistance
Heat resistance material reference. Plastics 60-260°C, metals 200-1500°C. Service temperature, deflection temperature,…
Open →Heat transfer guide
Heat transfer reference for thermal management. Conduction, convection, radiation modes. Material thermal conductivity…
Open →Material density guide
Material density reference for engineering calculations. Common metals 2.7-19 g/cm³, plastics 0.9-2.2 g/cm³. Density d…
Open →Material hardness guide
Material hardness measures resistance to deformation. Different scales for different materials and ranges. Rockwell fo…
Open →Material selection for prototyping vs production
Material selection for prototype-to-production. Process changes between prototype and production may change material g…
Open →Material selection guide
Choose the right engineering material in 4 questions: strength, temperature, environment, budget. Decision matrix for …
Open →Materials for prototyping guide
Materials for prototyping reference. Concept stage cheap materials. Functional prototypes production-representative. P…
Open →Pressure resistance guide
Pressure resistance reference. Wall thickness vs pressure for tubing, vessels, pipes. ASME B31 codes. Safety factor 1.…
Open →Thermal properties guide
Thermal properties reference. Conductivity, expansion (CTE), specific heat, melting point. Material selection for ther…
Open →UV resistance
UV resistance material reference. Outdoor service life depends on UV stability. Stabilized plastics, paints, anodize. …
Open →Tolerances & inspection
9 pages in this group.
GD&T fundamentals guide
GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing) fundamentals: datums, form controls (flatness, straightness, circu…
Open →GD&T guide
Complete GD&T reference: 14 geometric control symbols explained, feature control frames, datum reference frames, mater…
Open →Hardness testing guide
Hardness testing guide: Rockwell (HRC, HRB), Vickers (HV), Brinell (HB), Shore (A, D). Conversion tables, which test f…
Open →Inspection methods guide
Part inspection methods: CMM coordinate measuring machines, visual inspection, optical comparators, surface roughness,…
Open →Tolerance guide
Complete tolerance reference: ISO 2768 general tolerance classes, GD&T primer (form, orientation, location, runout), p…
Open →Tolerance stack up analysis
Tolerance stack-up analysis guide: worst-case method, statistical (RSS) method, GD&T stack-up, tolerance allocatio…
Open →Tolerances and fits guide
Tolerances and fits reference. ISO 286 hole-and-shaft system. Press fits, slip fits, running fits. Standard fits for e…
Open →Tolerances for 3D printing
3D printing tolerance reference. Different processes hold different tolerances. Plan tolerance per process. Post-machi…
Open →Tolerances guide
Tolerance specification reference. ± tolerance vs GD&T. Tight vs loose. ISO 2768. Achievable per process.…
Open →Threads, welds & joints
8 pages in this group.
Plastic thread design
Plastic thread design — self-tapping, molded threads, threaded inserts. Each suits different applications. Design rule…
Open →Plastic threaded insert
Plastic threaded inserts — heat-set, ultrasonic, self-tapping, molded-in. Provide metal threads in plastic parts. Stro…
Open →Precision threading guide
Precision threading reference. Class 2A/2B standard. Class 3A/3B precision. Tapping vs single-point threading.…
Open →Thread standards guide
Complete thread standards reference: ANSI/ASME (UNC, UNF, UNEF), ISO metric coarse and fine, pipe threads (NPT, BSP, G…
Open →Threading and fits guide
Engineering reference for threads and fits: ISO 286 tolerance system (H7/h6 etc), thread classes (2B/3B, 6H/6g), clear…
Open →Threads and fasteners guide
Threading and fastener reference. Metric vs imperial threads, bolt vs screw, fastener selection. Engineering basics fo…
Open →Welding design guide
Welding design guide. Joint type, edge prep, accessibility, distortion. Designed-for-welding parts have lower cost and…
Open →Welding standards guide
Welding standards reference: AWS D1.1 structural steel, ASME IX code welding, AS9100 aerospace, common processes TIG/M…
Open →Send a CAD file. Get an engineering-reviewed quote.
No minimum quantity, free DFM feedback from a senior manufacturing engineer, and an NDA signed before file review on request.