Key principles.
Butt, lap, T
Butt: tensile. Lap: shear. T: structural.
Per thickness
Square < 3 mm. V-groove 3-20 mm. Double-V > 15 mm.
Tool path
Welder must reach joint. 50 mm clearance min.
Heat-induced
Heat causes shrinkage, distortion. Plan in DFM.
Match preferred
Same thickness ideal. Mismatch causes thermal mismatch.
Plan stack-up
Welded assemblies typically need post-weld machining.
FAQ
TIG: precision, slow. MIG: production, faster. Spot: high-volume sheet metal.
Match base metal. ER70S-6 mild steel. ER308L for 304 stainless. ER316L for 316L. ER4043 aluminum.
Symmetric weld sequences, fixturing, post-weld machining. Critical for thin material.
5-15 mm HAZ. Material properties altered. Plan precision features away from HAZ.
Visual standard. PT/MT for surface cracks. RT/UT for internal flaws. Per code.
AWS D1.1 structural steel. AWS D1.2 aluminum. ASME IX pressure vessels.
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