Key principles.
Permanent network
Once cured, cannot remelt. Decomposes if overheated. Examples: epoxy, phenolic, polyester.
Reversible
Melts and resolidifies repeatedly. Recyclable. Examples: ABS, PE, PP, nylon.
Compression, RTM
Compression molding, resin transfer molding, hand lay-up. Curing time-dependent.
Injection, extrusion
Injection molding, extrusion. Faster cycles, repeatable.
Higher temperature
Generally higher temperature limit. Better stiffness at temperature.
Easier processing
Faster cycles, easier post-processing, recyclable.
FAQ
High-temperature service, structural composites, electrical insulation requiring permanent stability.
High-volume production, recyclability, complex geometry, fast cycles. Most engineering plastics.
Carbon fiber composites typically thermoset epoxy matrix. Thermoplastic composites emerging (PEEK CF) for recyclability.
Thermoset: epoxy adhesives, phenolic circuit boards, SMC body panels. Thermoplastic: bottles, electronics, toys.
Thermoset can exceed thermoplastic. Phenolic 200°C. Epoxy 150°C. PEEK (thermoplastic) 250°C exception.
Thermoset minimal recycling (grind, fill in new resin). Thermoplastic readily recycled.
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