Key principles.
3D wins curves
Complex curves, internal features, lattices: 3D printing. Simple prismatic: CNC.
CNC for high
CNC scales well to production volumes. 3D printing per-part cost similar at any volume.
CNC smoother
CNC Ra 0.8-1.6 µm typical. 3D printing rough as-built, post-process needed for smooth.
CNC tighter
CNC ±0.025 mm. 3D printing ±0.1-0.2 mm typical, post-machining for tighter.
CNC wider
CNC: any solid stock material. 3D printing: limited polymer and metal selection.
3D fastest
3D printing 2-5 days. CNC 1-3 weeks for complex parts. Tooling adds 8-16 weeks.
FAQ
Prototype 1-10 pieces, complex geometry impossible to machine, lattice/topology-optimized parts. Custom anatomical implants.
Production volumes 100+, tight tolerance ±0.05 mm, smooth surface finish, broad material selection.
3D print near-net + CNC critical features. Combines geometry freedom with precision.
Simple part: CNC cheaper. Complex part: 3D printing cheaper. Crossover depends on geometry.
3D printing properties 60-90% of equivalent wrought material. CNC bar stock has full properties.
3D printing for 1-100 typically. CNC for 1-10000+. Injection molding above 10000 if geometry molds.
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