Key principles.
Higher = better
Cast iron η=0.005, steel 0.001, polymers 0.05-0.5. Polymers damp more than metal.
Constrained layer
Sandwiched constrained-layer damping. Visco-elastic film between two stiff layers.
Calculate frequencies
Vibration isolators decouple equipment from environment. Calculate natural frequency for application.
Design separation
Operating frequency ≠ structure natural frequency. Design separation > 25%.
Stiffness > damping
Stiffer structure = higher natural frequency. Move resonance away from operating range.
Tighter dampens
Press fit transmission components reduce vibration vs loose fits.
FAQ
Measure of energy dissipated per cycle. Higher η = more damping. Materials: rubber > plastic > metal.
Visco-elastic damping material between two stiff layers. Energy dissipated as heat through shear of damping layer.
Match isolator natural frequency well below excitation. Ratio f/fn > 1.4 for damping.
Reduces cyclic strain on parts. Extends fatigue life. Particularly for parts in vibrating environment.
Constrained layer adds 10-20% cost. Isolators add per-piece cost. Worth it for vibration-sensitive applications.
Sensor + actuator + controller. Electronics-active damping. Specialty for high-end applications.
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